FOREIGN POLICY OF PAKISTAN WITH CHINA

Pakistan was the first country in Asia that recognized the People Republic of China in October 1949 after the communist leader Mao dose Dung came to power since then Pakistan enjoys good relations with China

Pakistan and China are neighboring countries. They have common boundary of 600 km long.

In foreign policy our relation with China are important. China is fast becoming an important source of supply of capital goods. We should continue to cultivate close cordial relations in develop these ties further. Pakistan and China have good military linkage, which should remain undiluted for the time being.

China has provided Pakistan a small research reactor in 1988 under international safeguard.   

                                                                                                                                                          

Favorable relations with China are a pillar of Pakistan's foreign policy. China supported Pakistan's opposition to the Soviet Union's intervention in Afghanistan and is perceived by Pakistan as a regional counterweight to NATO and the United States. China and Pakistan also share close military relations, with China supplying a range of modern armaments to the Pakistani defense forces. China supports Pakistan's stance on Kashmir while Pakistan supports China on the issues of Xingjian, Tibet, and Taiwan

Main Events between Pakistan and China

Republic of China: In 1950 Pakistan becomes the third non-communist country, and first Muslim one, to recognize the People's Republic of China.                                                              In 1951: Beijing and Karachi establish diplomatic relations.

In 1955: Qutubuddin Aziz recalls that the meeting in Bandung conference on April 18-24 between the prime minister Mohammad Ali Bora and Mr. Chou en Lai. It was the first ever meeting between the prime ministers of Pakistan and China. Mr. Bora was the first Pakistani prime minister to be invited to visit China. However, Bora was unable to visit China, his successor chaudhry Muhammad Ali was invited to China but owing to his sudden indisposition, his China visit was postponed.

Mr. M.H Suharwardi was the first Pakistani prime minister to pay an official visit to China 1957 and he contributed immensely to Sino-Pakistan friendship.

THE BOUNDARY AGREEMENT BETWEEN CHINA AND PAKISTAN, 1963:

 Pakistan cedes the Trans-Karakorum Tract to China, ending border disputes. The efforts to resolve the boundary issue were completed in 1963. The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of Pakistan;

Having agreed, with a view to ensuring to prevailing peace and tranquility on the border, to formally delimit and demarcate the boundary between China's Sinking and the contiguous areas the defense of which is under the actual control of Pakistan, in a spirit of fairness, reasonableness, mutual understanding and mutual accommodation, and on the basis of the ten principles as enunciated in the Bandung conference;

Being convinced that this would not only give full expression to the desire of the peoples of China and Pakistan for the development of good neighborly and friendly relations, but also help safeguard Asian and world peace.

 Indo-Pak wars 1964-1965: The president of Pakistan visited China in February 1964, and China supported the claim of Pakistan to solve Kashmir issue peacefully. In the Indo-Pak war of 1965 China supported Pakistan and provided arms.

Construction of Silk Route 1969: The silk route of Karakorum was completed in 1969 that connected Pakistan with China by road. It helped in frequent exchange of delegations and establishment of close relationship. The air contact was also established between both the countries.

Karakoram Highway1978: The Karakoram Highway linking the mountainous Northern Pakistan with Western China officially opens.

The Karakorum Highway (KKH) is the highest paved international road in the worlds .It connects China and Pakistan across the Karakorum mountain range, through the KhunjerabHYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khunjerab_Pass" Pass, at an elevation of 4,693 m/15,397 ft as confirmed by both SRTM and multiple GPS readings^. It connects China's Xinjiang region with Pakistan's Gilgit–Baltistan and Khyber HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa"Pakhtunkhwa regions and also serves as a popular tourist attraction. The Karakorum Highway is known informally as the KKH, and — within Pakistan — officially as the N-35; within China, officially as China National Highway 314

The Karakorum Highway, also known as the Friendship Highway in China, was built by the governments of Pakistan and China; it was started in 1959 and was completed in 1979

Pakistani section

At 806 km in length, the Pakistani section of the highway starts in Abbotabad, although the N-35 of which KKH is now part, officially starts from Hassanabdal. The highway meets the Indus River at Thakot, and continues along the river until Jaglot, where the Gilgit River joins the Indus River. This is the place where three great mountain ranges The Karakoram Highway (KKH) is the highest paved international road in the world. It connects China and Pakistan across the Karakoram mountain range, through the Khunjerab  Pass, at an elevation of 4,693 m/15,397 ft as confirmed by both SRTM and multiple GPS readings. It connects China's Xinjiang region with Pakistan's Gilgit–Baltistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa regions and also serves as a popular tourist attraction. The Karakorum Highway is known informally as the KKH, and — within Pakistan — officially as the N-35; within China, officially as China National Highway 314

The Karakoram Highway, also known as the Friendship Highway in China, was built by the governments of Pakistan and China; it was started in 1959 and was completed in 1979

Chinese section:

The Chinese Section of the Karakoram Highway follows the north-south Sarykol ('Yellow Lake') valley just west of the Trim Basin. The road from Kasugai goes southwest about 80 km and then turns west to enter the Gez (Ghez) River canyon between Chakragil mountain on the north and Kongur  mountain on the south.

Defense Pact1985: Many defense pact were concluded between Pakistan and China in 1985, according to which China provided economic and technical assistance in building the karma complex and ordinance factory at Wah. Likewise China provided the assistance of Rs. 273 million for setting up heavy electric complex in NWFP.

1986: China and Pakistan reach a comprehensive nuclear co-operation agreement.

1987: Khan claims that Pakistan has a nuclear bomb.

1998: On May 28, 1998, Pakistan detonated five nuclear devices in response to the detonation of six nuclear devices by India two weeks earlier at a remote site in mountains and desert in the Chiai Hills in the Baluchistan region of western Pakistan near the Iranian border. The Pakistani government reported that the devices included one big bomb with a yield of 30 to 35 kilotons, making it twice as large as the bomb dropped on Hiroshima, and the other four were small tactical devices intended for battlefield use. A 300-megawatt nuclear power plant, built with Chinese help in Punjab province, is completed in 1999.

      Gwadar 2002: The building of the Gwadar deep sea port begins, with China as the primary investor. Gwadar Port is located at the apex of the Arabian Sea and at the mouth of the Persian Gulf, approximately 460 km  west of Karachi, 75 km east of Pakistan's border with Iran and 380 km northeast of the nearest point in Oman across the Arabian Sea. It is situated on the eastern bay of a natural hammerhead-shaped peninsula protruding into the Arabian Sea from the coastline.

2003: Pakistan and China signed a $110 million contract for the construction of a housing project on Multan Road in Lahore

2007-2008:

·         The Sino-Pakistani joint-ventured multirole fighter aircraft – the JF-17 Thunder is formally rolled out.

·         Pakistan welcomes the Chinese Olympic Torch in an Islamabad sports stadium, under heavy guard amidst security concerns.

·         China and Pakistan sign a free trade agreement.

·         Pakistan and China to build a railway through the Karakoram Highway, in order to link China's rail network to GawadarHYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwadar_Port" Port .

·         The F-22P frigate, comes into service with the Pakistani Navy

2009: The ISI (inter-services intelligence) arrest several suspected Uyghur (simplified Chinese) terrorist seeking refuge in Pakistan.

2010:  Pakistan and China conduct a joint anti-terrorism drill.

·         China donates $260 million in dollars to flood hit Pakistan and sends 4 military rescue helicopters to assist in rescue operations.

·         WenHYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wen_Jiabao" HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wen_Jiabao"Jiabao visits Pakistan. More than 30 billion dollars worth of deals were signed.

2011:  Pakistan is expected to buy air to air SD 10 missiles from China for its 250 JF 17 thunder fighter fleet

Pakistan in December 2010, Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang visited in June 2010 and State Councilor Dai

2012: In 2012 Chinese meets Pakistani prime minister.

Chinese VP meets Pakistani Prime Minister.

China, Pakistan to strengthen pragmatic Military Cooperation.

Pakistan gets 55Modem coaches from China. The event of china-Pakistan friendship “bring light tour” Successfully concluded.

Momentum between Pakistan and China

Masood Khan Bingguo visited in December 2011.

A decade ago, the total volume of Pakistan-China trade was only about US$2 billion. But in 2011, the total volume of bilateral trade reached US$10.6 billion. In the past four years overall Pakistan-China trade increased by 70 per cent; whereas Pakistan’s exports to China have doubled to US$ 2.2 billion. "It is encouraging," Khan said. "In 2010, there was an increase of 37 percent and last year we saw 22 percent," he maintained.

China became Pakistan's largest trading partner in 2011. Pakistan is currently China's second largest trade partner in South Asia. Both the countries have set a goal for US$15 billion in bilateral trade by 2015. The present volume of trade is not high enough," Khan said, "we need to work harder to expand, deepen and diversify our economic and trade relations.”

Pakistan and China both are working to fully utilize their free trade agreements on goods, investment strong.

During an interview with China’s biggest web portal, china.org.cn, the Ambassador said both the countries need to maintain this momentum and work harder to take their relationship to new heights. He said economic cooperation, cultural exchanges, and particularly the relations between the people of the two countries should be enhanced.

Prime Minister Syed Yusuf Raze Gilani visited China five times. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao visited Pakistan in December 2010, Vice Premier

Pakistan’s Ambassador to China, Masood Khan has said the momentum between China and Pakistan relations is very Zhang Dejiang visited in June 2010 and State Councilor Dai and services they signed between 2006 and 2009.

The Ambassador said that cross-infrastructure development is a priority for governments of Pakistan and China. The Karakoram Highway is being upgraded and plans are being considered to explore a rail link between Khunjerab and Havelian and to establish a fiber link. An advanced infrastructure and communication network will revolutionize investment and trade in the adjoining regions of Pakistan and China as well as the region.

According to the Chinese Ministry of Commerce, a three-member Chinese delegation recently visited Pakistan to conclude an agreement to order 100 tons of Pakistani mangoes

China and Pakistan decided to establish agricultural technology demonstration zones in Pakistan during Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's visit to Pakistan in December 2010. This is an important step that would revolutionize agricultural production and trade.

War against terrorism has caused devastation in Afghanistan and in the bordering Pakistan territory. International community’s help in the reconstruction of these areas is very important. China is already playing a very reconstruction of these areas is very important. China is already playing a very constructive role by investing in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Pakistan appreciated SCO’s support for efforts to promote peace and stability in Afghanistan. Afghanistan was on the agenda of the last SCO summit. An SCO Contact Group has also been reviewing developments in Afghanistan.

 MILITARY RELATIONS:

China has offered Pakistan military aid in order to fight against terrorism in Pakistan. Pakistan has purchased military equipment from China in order to bolster their efforts against Islamic militants.

ECONOMIC-TRADE RELATIONSHIPS:

Economic trade between Pakistan and China is increasing at a rapid pace and a free trade agreement has recently been signed. Military and technological transactions continue to dominate the economic relationship between the two nations, although in recent years China has pledged to vastly increase their investment in Pakistan's economy and Infrastr. The economic relationship between Pakistan and China is composed primarily of Chinese investment in Pakistani interests. China's increasing economic clout has enabled a wide variety of projects to be sponsored in Pakistan through Chinese credit. Pakistani investment in China is also encouraged and cross-border trade remains fluiducture.

DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS: Since then, an informal alliance that initially consisted of joint Indian opposition has grown into a lasting relationship that has benefited both nations on the diplomatic, economic and military frontiers. Along with diplomatic support, Pakistan served as a conduit for China to open up to the West. China has in turn provided extensive economic aid and political support towards Pakistan.

Since 9/11, Pakistan has increased the scope of Chinese influence and support by agreeing to a number of military projects, combined with extensive economic support and investment from the Chinese. This is partially due to Pakistan's strategy of playing off the two powers against each other, but also a genuine effort to prevent America's influence in the region from becoming too strong. In return, the Chinese hope to strengthen Pakistan as a counterbalance to American and Indian influence.